Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Why did Ram Mohan become a controversial figure?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Which of the following factors contributed to the enhancement of educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Which of the following important shifts is the author of the passage talking about in the early 19th Century Bengal?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Why were the important texts of Hinduism not widely circulated?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

The early Orientalist movement and English as the medium of instruction…

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Which of the following strengthened the hands of some writers towards the end of the 19th Century?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Choose the word which is SIMILAR in meaning of the word “ fostered” as used in the passage.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The early Orientalist movement and the rapid growth of English as the principal medium of instruction after the 1830s, considerably enhanced the educated Indian’s familiarity with his tradition. But, perhaps equally importantly, it also fostered a sense of shared culture. Ram Mohan may have been the first Hindu to have used the term ‘Hinduism’, thereby indicating some degree of culture or perhaps even ethnic essentialization. These developments were also facilitated by the coming of the printing press. Over time, the success of print-culture enormously increased the importance of written texts within a tradition that had hitherto greatly relied on orality. Perhaps this strengthened the hands of some writers who, particularly towards the end of the nineteenth century, began to emphasize a common cultural base for Hinduism. In the religious sphere, for example, there was now a far greater emphasis on the Vedas as a unified source of Hinduism, the ‘prime determinant of a ‘Hindu’ identity.
The success of the printing press is also tied up with certain extremely important shifts that began to occur in the social and religious thinking of early nineteenth century Bengal. Hitherto, texts considered to be the most important in Hinduism had been zealously guarded by a class of Brahmins which prevented their wider circulation. Women and Sudras, for example, had traditionally been barred from Vedic knowledge. More importantly, these Hindu scriptures were composed in ‘ Sanskrit which meant that many other social groups besides women and Sudras had practically no access to the Vedas. Early reformers like Ram Mohan addressed these issues simultaneously. On the one hand, Ram Mohan bravely went against tradition by attempting to open up Vedic knowledge to all those who might be moved to seek it, irrespective of their social origin. This was the impulse behind his publication of Bengali translations of Hindu religious classics like the Vedanta Sutra (Brahma Sutra), and subsequently, some important Upanishads. This is also precisely why Ram Mohan became such a controversial figure.

Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word “ moved’ as used in the passage.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

The author thinks that risks and disadvantages are

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

Which of the following statements is TRUE in the context of the passage?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

It can be inferred from the passage that urban crime can be controlled by

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

The author’s view of ‘traditional societies’ is best expressed by which of the following?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

According to the passage, all the following contribute to higher crime rate in urban areas EXCEPT

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUEin the context of the passage?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The veteran social worker Shri Nanaji Deshmukh was recently felicitated in Maharashtra. He has done pioneering social work for upliftment of the rural folks who were embedded in poverty, sub-human hygienic conditions and an abysmal standard of living. He being a farsighted person realized even in his youth that India is basically a country of villages. He analyzed the socio-economic and moral differences between the rural and urban folks. Rural population still dominates the urban population as far as the number is considered. This is despite the fact that there is a rampant migration of rural families to urban centres. Generally, the gains of being a unit of the urban population are less than the disadvantages and risks that are in-built in the urban life. Crime, riots, etc. are some of the examples of such risks of urban life. The forces that generate conditions conducive to crime and riots are stronger in urban communities than in rural areas. Urban living is more anonymous living. It often releases the individual from community restraints more common in tradition-oriented societies. But more freedom from constraints and controls also provides greater freedom to deviate. And living in the more impersonalized, formally controlled urban society means that regulatory orders of conduct are often directed by distant bureaucrats. The police are strangers executing these prescriptions on an anonymous set of subjects. Minor offences in small town or village are often handledwithout resort to official police action. As disputable as such action may seem to be, it results in fewer recorded violations of the law compared to the big cities. Although perhaps causing some decision-difficulties for the police in small town, formal and objective law enforcement is not always acceptable to the villagers.
Urban area with mass population, greater wealth, more commercial establishments and more products of our technology also provide more frequent opportunities for theft. Victims are impersonalized, property is insured, consumer goods in more abundance are vividly displayed and are more portable. The crime rate increases despite formal moral education given in schools. Having realized these contradictory life styles of rural and urban livings, Shri Nanaji decided an action plan for upliftment of the rural masses. The objectives were two fold. One, to make breadwinning opportunities available to the rural people that would prevent their migration from villages to towns, cities and metros and two, to create such a working climate in villages that the rural folks migrated to cities would be attracted back towards villages. His plan has been found to be successful to a great extent in Gonda district of UP and also in regions of Chitrakoot in M.P.

Choose the word which is most nearly theSAME in meaning to the word ‘ handled’ as used in the passage.