Set 03 Mains Clerical English
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Online Mock Test – 3
- English (Ques 1 to 40)
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Question 1 of 40
1. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.Type-B malnutrition is a serious concern in developed countries because
Correct
Refer the first sentence of the fourth paragraph “There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases.”
Incorrect
Refer the first sentence of the fourth paragraph “There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases.”
-
Question 2 of 40
2. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.Why are a large number of apparently healthy people deemed pre-ill?
Correct
Refer the last two sentences of the first paragraph “These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.”
Incorrect
Refer the last two sentences of the first paragraph “These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.”
-
Question 3 of 40
3. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.The author recommends micronutrient-repletion for large-scale treatment of chronic degenerative diseases because
Correct
Refer the last sentence of the second paragraph “Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.”
Incorrect
Refer the last sentence of the second paragraph “Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.”
-
Question 4 of 40
4. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.Tailoring micronutrient-based treatment plans to suit individual deficiency profiles is not necessary because
Correct
Refer the second last sentence of the passage “. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe. “
Incorrect
Refer the second last sentence of the passage “. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe. “
-
Question 5 of 40
5. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
SubtleCorrect
Subtle meaning so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe. Hence it has same meaning as tenuous.
Abject means experienced or present to the maximum degree.
Adamant means impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason.
Emulate means strive to equal or match, especially by imitating.Incorrect
Subtle meaning so delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyse or describe. Hence it has same meaning as tenuous.
Abject means experienced or present to the maximum degree.
Adamant means impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason.
Emulate means strive to equal or match, especially by imitating. -
Question 6 of 40
6. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
InvalidateCorrect
Invalidate means make or prove (an argument, statement, or theory) unsound or erroneous. Hence it has same meaning as refute.
Servile means having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others.
Equivocal means open to two or more interpretations.
Hapless means unfortunate and deserving pity.
Inane means devoid of intelligence.Incorrect
Invalidate means make or prove (an argument, statement, or theory) unsound or erroneous. Hence it has same meaning as refute.
Servile means having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others.
Equivocal means open to two or more interpretations.
Hapless means unfortunate and deserving pity.
Inane means devoid of intelligence. -
Question 7 of 40
7. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Throughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma. Modern medicine has scored significant victories against both, and the major causes of ill health and death are now the chronic degenerative diseases, such as coronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract and cancer. These have a long latency period before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. It follows that the majority of apparently healthy people are pre-ill.
But are these conditions inevitably degenerative? A truly preventive medicine that focused on the pre-ill, analysing the metabolic errors which lead to clinical illness, might be able to correct them before the first symptom. Genetic risk factors are known for all the chronic degenerative diseases, and are important to the individuals who possess them. At the population level, however, migration studies confirm that these illnesses are linked for the most part to lifestyle factors—exercise, smoking and nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these to change, and the most versatile tool for affecting the metabolic changes needed to tilt the balance away from disease.
Many national surveys reveal that malnutrition is common in developed countries. This is not the calorie and/or micronutrient deficiency associated with developing nations (Type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrient depletion, usually combined with calorific balance or excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shown to be worse if newer micronutrient groups such as the essential fatty acids, xanthophylls and flavonoids are included in the surveys. Commonly ingested levels of these micronutrients seem to be far too low in many developed countries.
There is now considerable evidence that Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronic degenerative diseases. If this is the case, then it is logical to treat such diseases not with drugs but with multiple micronutrient repletion, or “pharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules—’nutraceuticals’, or food formats known as ‘functional foods’. This approach has been neglected hitherto because it is relatively unprofitable for drug companies—the products are hard to patent—and it is a strategy which does not sit easily with modern medical interventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug industry has invested huge sums in developing a range of subtle and powerful drugs to treat the many diseases we are subject to. Medical training is couched in pharmaceutical terms and this approach has provided us with an exceptional range of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies. However, the pharmaceutical model has also created an unhealthy dependency culture, in which relatively few of us accept responsibility for maintaining our own health. Instead, we have handed over this responsibility to health professionals who know very little about health maintenance, or disease prevention.
One problem for supporters of this argument is lack of the right kind of hard evidence. We have a wealth of epidemiological data linking dietary factors to health profiles / disease risks, and a great deal of information on mechanism: how food factors interact with our biochemistry. But almost all intervention studies with micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced conflicting or negative results. In other words, our science appears to have no predictive value. Does this invalidate the science? Or are we simply asking the wrong questions?
Based on pharmaceutical thinking, most intervention studies have attempted to measure the impact of a single micronutrient on the incidence of disease. The classical approach says that if you give a compound formula to test subjects and obtain positive results, you cannot know which ingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention on its own will hardly make enough difference to be measured. The best therapeutic response must therefore combine micronutrients to normalise our internal physiology. So do we need to analyse each individual’s nutritional status and then tailor a formula specifically for him or her? While we do not have the resources to analyse millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients, and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe.
Accordingly, a comprehensive and universal program of micronutrient support is probably the most cost-effective and safest way of improving the general health of the nation.Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
InevitableCorrect
Inevitable means certain to happen; unavoidable. Hence it has opposite meaning as avertable.
Alacrity means liveliness and eagerness.
Amenable means disposed or willing to comply.
Bereft means sorrowful through loss or deprivation.
Callous means emotionally hardened.Incorrect
Inevitable means certain to happen; unavoidable. Hence it has opposite meaning as avertable.
Alacrity means liveliness and eagerness.
Amenable means disposed or willing to comply.
Bereft means sorrowful through loss or deprivation.
Callous means emotionally hardened. -
Question 8 of 40
8. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.The sentence which concludes the first paragraph, “Now they knew better”, implies that:
Correct
Refer the second last sentence of the first paragraph “. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti.”
Incorrect
Refer the second last sentence of the first paragraph “. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti.”
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Question 9 of 40
9. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.According to the passage, which of the following has NOT contributed to the popular image of Tsavo lions as savage creatures?
Correct
The statement “The Tsavo lion is considered to be less evolved than the Serengeti variety.” do not contribute to the popular image of Tsavo lions as savage creatures.
Incorrect
The statement “The Tsavo lion is considered to be less evolved than the Serengeti variety.” do not contribute to the popular image of Tsavo lions as savage creatures.
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Question 10 of 40
10. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.Which of the following, if true, would weaken the hypothesis advanced by Gnoske and Peterhans most?
Correct
Tsavo lions are believed to be extremely ferocious. So if they are made close to Pleistocene lions and if option (c) is true, then the fact of their ferocity would be negated.
Incorrect
Tsavo lions are believed to be extremely ferocious. So if they are made close to Pleistocene lions and if option (c) is true, then the fact of their ferocity would be negated.
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Question 11 of 40
11. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.The book Man-Eaters of Tsavo annoys some scientists because
Correct
Refer the last part of the third paragraph “ The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
Incorrect
Refer the last part of the third paragraph “ The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
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Question 12 of 40
12. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
IntriguingCorrect
Intriguing means arousing one’s curiosity or interest; fascinating. Hence it has same meaning as enthralling. Circumvent means surround so as to force to give up. Cogent means powerfully persuasive. Debacle means a sudden and violent collapse. Denigrate means charge falsely or with malicious intent.
Incorrect
Intriguing means arousing one’s curiosity or interest; fascinating. Hence it has same meaning as enthralling. Circumvent means surround so as to force to give up. Cogent means powerfully persuasive. Debacle means a sudden and violent collapse. Denigrate means charge falsely or with malicious intent.
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Question 13 of 40
13. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
SavageryCorrect
Savagery means the quality of being fierce or cruel. Hence it has same meaning as viciousness. Cognizant means having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization.
Concomitant means following or accompanying as a consequence.
Disparate means fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind.
Duress means compulsory force or threat.Incorrect
Savagery means the quality of being fierce or cruel. Hence it has same meaning as viciousness. Cognizant means having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization.
Concomitant means following or accompanying as a consequence.
Disparate means fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind.
Duress means compulsory force or threat. -
Question 14 of 40
14. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
FerocityCorrect
Ferocity means savagely fierce, cruel, or violent. Hence it has opposite meaning as tame.
Covet means wish, long, or crave for.
Ebullient means joyously unrestrained.
Elicit means call forth, as an emotion, feeling, or response.
Enervate means weaken mentally or morally.Incorrect
Ferocity means savagely fierce, cruel, or violent. Hence it has opposite meaning as tame.
Covet means wish, long, or crave for.
Ebullient means joyously unrestrained.
Elicit means call forth, as an emotion, feeling, or response.
Enervate means weaken mentally or morally. -
Question 15 of 40
15. Question
Category: EnglishRead the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road. They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads. Noting the color of their noses (leonine noses darken as they age, from pink to black), Craig estimated that they were six years old — young adults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring at them for several moments. “This is what we came to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, a professor at the University of Minnesota, is arguably the leading expert on the majestic Serengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long, thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral student who has been working with him in Tanzania, had never seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200 miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists had partly suspected that the maneless males were adolescents mistaken for adults by amateur observers. Now they knew better.
The Tsavo research expedition was mostly Peyton’s show. She had spent several years in Tanzania, compiling the data she needed to answer a question that ought to have been answered long ago: Why do lions have manes? It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displays such ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attacking the riddle from the opposite angle. Why do its lions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions in Tsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarely attain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Does environmental adaptation account for the trait? Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, a distinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?
The Serengeti lions have been under continuous observation for more than 35 years, beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering work in the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’s oldest and largest protected ecosystem, have hardly been studied. Consequently, legends have grown up around them. Not only do they look different, according to the myths, they behave differently, displaying greater cunning and aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: The Rough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have a reputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome image became well-known in 1898, when two males stalled construction of what is now Kenya Railways by allegedly killing and eating 135 Indian and African laborers. A British Army officer in charge of building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River, Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine months pursuing the pair before he brought them to bay and killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they now glare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago. Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an international best seller when published in 1907. Still in print, the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. That annoys some scientists. “People don’t want to give up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this maneater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are no more likely to turn man-eater than lions from elsewhere.”
But tales of their savagery and wiliness don’t all come from sensationalist authors looking to make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally larger than lions elsewhere, enabling them to take down the predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Cape buffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressive animals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily: They often kill or severely injure an attacking lion, and a wounded lion might be more likely to turn to cattle and humans for food.
And other prey is less abundant in Tsavo than in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lion is more likely to attack humans. Safari guides and Kenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lions attacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalking tourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say, and it breeds tougher lions.
But are they really tougher? And if so, is there any connection between their manelessness and their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis was advanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans: Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cave lions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety is among the most evolved of the species — the latest model, so to speak — while certain morphological differences in Tsavo lions (bigger bodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of a mane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had serious doubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavo lions pose a mystery to science.Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
PrimitiveCorrect
Primitive means relating to, denoting, or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something. Hence it has opposite meaning as neoteric.
Evince means give expression to.
Exigent means demanding immediate attention.
Onerous means not easily borne; wearing.
Paucity means an insufficient quantity or number.Incorrect
Primitive means relating to, denoting, or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something. Hence it has opposite meaning as neoteric.
Evince means give expression to.
Exigent means demanding immediate attention.
Onerous means not easily borne; wearing.
Paucity means an insufficient quantity or number. -
Question 16 of 40
16. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following sentence there are three blank spaces. Below each sentence there are five options and each option consists of three words which can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence to make the sentence grammatically correct.With inflation-targeting as its main _______ — the consensus position that was articulated when the RBI Act was amended in May 2016 was that “price stability is a _________ precondition to sustainable growth” — the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has opted yet again to keep interest rates ___________.Correct
‘mandate, necessary, unchanged’ is the correct set of words making the sentence meaningful.
Incorrect
‘mandate, necessary, unchanged’ is the correct set of words making the sentence meaningful.
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Question 17 of 40
17. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following sentence there are three blank spaces. Below each sentence there are five options and each option consists of three words which can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence to make the sentence grammatically correct.Ultimately, though, the central bank has once again ________ a word of circumspection to fiscal authorities: taken together, the farm loan waivers ________ by some States, the partial reduction of excise duty and VAT on petroleum products and the GST rate cuts could ________ in fiscal slippage with accompanying consequences for price stability.Correct
‘proffered, implemented, result’ is the correct set of words making the sentence meaningful.
Proffered means hold out or put forward (something) to someone for acceptance.
Inflicted means cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something.Incorrect
‘proffered, implemented, result’ is the correct set of words making the sentence meaningful.
Proffered means hold out or put forward (something) to someone for acceptance.
Inflicted means cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something. -
Question 18 of 40
18. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following sentence there are three blank spaces. Below each sentence there are five options and each option consists of three words which can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence to make the sentence grammatically correct.Our recent victory in the hotly contested election to the International Court of Justice seems to have lifted our _______ as a nation. We are justifiably proud of our success and of the skill and ________ with which our diplomacy was ___________.Correct
‘spirits, determination, deployed’ is the correct use.
Incorrect
‘spirits, determination, deployed’ is the correct use.
-
Question 19 of 40
19. Question
Category: EnglishIn the question given below few sentences are given which grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by the word given above the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence.NEVERTHELESS
A. Ankara continues to defiantly say it doesn’t need EU money or membership.
B. It is trying to develop ties with individual EU members, which seems to represent a search for another kind of relationship with Europe.
C. Turkey-EU ties are currently marked by mutual resentments and appear to be going nowhere.
D. It claims that it doesn’t need EU membership, Ankara refuses to end this bid unilaterally.Correct
“nevertheless” means “however” connects statement A and statement B in the most appropriate manner.
Ankara continues to defiantly say it doesn’t need EU money or membership; nevertheless, it is trying to develop ties with individual EU members, which seems to represent a search for another kind of relationship with Europe.Incorrect
“nevertheless” means “however” connects statement A and statement B in the most appropriate manner.
Ankara continues to defiantly say it doesn’t need EU money or membership; nevertheless, it is trying to develop ties with individual EU members, which seems to represent a search for another kind of relationship with Europe. -
Question 20 of 40
20. Question
Category: EnglishIn the question given below few sentences are given which grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by the word given above the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence.WHEREAS
(A) BJP has been routed in these elections having managed to win mere 18.7% of all seats
(B) The opposition, especially independent candidates, have walked away with flying colours.
(C) If Independents were a party they would have got a thumping majority in these elections.
(D) Out of 16 Mayoral positions they have captured 14 and that is the end of their success story.Correct
“Whereas” is used while taking a fact into consideration.
BJP has been routed in these elections having managed to win mere 18.7% of all seats whereas the opposition, especially independent candidates, have walked away with flying colours.Incorrect
“Whereas” is used while taking a fact into consideration.
BJP has been routed in these elections having managed to win mere 18.7% of all seats whereas the opposition, especially independent candidates, have walked away with flying colours. -
Question 21 of 40
21. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following questions, various sentences are given and you have to choose the one which has some or any grammatical error in it. In the questions where option (E) is all are correct and all the sentences are grammatically correct choose option (E) as the correct choice.
Correct
‘that’ will not be used before ‘if’ as this is an interrogative sentence of indirect speech in which that is replaced by ‘if/ whether’.
Ex. He asked me if/ whether I was ready.
Incorrect
‘that’ will not be used before ‘if’ as this is an interrogative sentence of indirect speech in which that is replaced by ‘if/ whether’.
Ex. He asked me if/ whether I was ready.
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Question 22 of 40
22. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following questions, various sentences are given and you have to choose the one which has some or any grammatical error in it. In the questions where option (E) is all are correct and all the sentences are grammatically correct choose option (E) as the correct choice.
Correct
‘depends’ will be used in place of ‘depend’ as the subject of the sentence ‘success’ is singular.
Incorrect
‘depends’ will be used in place of ‘depend’ as the subject of the sentence ‘success’ is singular.
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Question 23 of 40
23. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following questions, various sentences are given and you have to choose the one which has some or any grammatical error in it. In the questions where option (E) is all are correct and all the sentences are grammatically correct choose option (E) as the correct choice.
Correct
‘thrown’ will be used in place of ‘threw’ as ‘have/ has/ had/ having + V3’ is used.
Ex. Having taken breakfast, he went out.Incorrect
‘thrown’ will be used in place of ‘threw’ as ‘have/ has/ had/ having + V3’ is used.
Ex. Having taken breakfast, he went out. -
Question 24 of 40
24. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following questions, various sentences are given and you have to choose the one which has some or any grammatical error in it. In the questions where option (E) is all are correct and all the sentences are grammatically correct choose option (E) as the correct choice.
Correct
‘has been working’ will be used in place of ‘is working’ as the sentence is in present perfect continuous tense ‘for+ time’.
Incorrect
‘has been working’ will be used in place of ‘is working’ as the sentence is in present perfect continuous tense ‘for+ time’.
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Question 25 of 40
25. Question
Category: EnglishIn each of the following questions, various sentences are given and you have to choose the one which has some or any grammatical error in it. In the questions where option (E) is all are correct and all the sentences are grammatically correct choose option (E) as the correct choice.
Correct
‘will talk’ will be used in place of ‘talked’ as two actions, that will happen in future are described here.
Ex. He will go to his sister and then he will go to his friend.Incorrect
‘will talk’ will be used in place of ‘talked’ as two actions, that will happen in future are described here.
Ex. He will go to his sister and then he will go to his friend. -
Question 26 of 40
26. Question
Category: EnglishEach of the following questions has a paragraph from which one sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.The government launched the “Housing For All by 2022” programme in 2015, with the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Pmay) as a key anchor scheme. ____________________________. Global examples indicate that affordable housing activities generate direct and indirect employment in the medium term and sustained consumption in the long term. A 2014 study by the National Council of Applied Economic Research indicates that every additional rupee of capital invested in the housing sector adds Rs1.54 to the gross domestic product (GDP) and every Rs1 lakh invested in residential housing creates 2.69 new jobs in the economy.Correct
The paragraph is about the programme “Housing For All by 2022” launched by government along with Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Pmay), generating direct and indirect employment as indicated by the National Council of Applied Economic Research. Hence the blank must be filled by the sentence that tells more about the scheme as mentioned in the above sentence of the blank. After reading all the sentences, we can conclude that sentence (a) talking about the Pmay scheme that envisions building 20 million urban units by 2022, is making the paragraph more complete and meaningful than other sentences. Hence option (a) is the best choice.
Incorrect
The paragraph is about the programme “Housing For All by 2022” launched by government along with Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Pmay), generating direct and indirect employment as indicated by the National Council of Applied Economic Research. Hence the blank must be filled by the sentence that tells more about the scheme as mentioned in the above sentence of the blank. After reading all the sentences, we can conclude that sentence (a) talking about the Pmay scheme that envisions building 20 million urban units by 2022, is making the paragraph more complete and meaningful than other sentences. Hence option (a) is the best choice.
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Question 27 of 40
27. Question
Category: EnglishEach of the following questions has a paragraph from which one sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.Young and aspirational, the millennial generation that makes up about 40% of India’s population has long been regarded as the saviour and driver of future economic growth. Yet, the gap between the productive labour force and the employment and entrepreneurial opportunities available to them continues to widen. The fourth Industrial Revolution has already made its mark on certain sectors. ________________________.Correct
In this paragraph, future economic growth has been discussed, that depends on the young generation. The sentences before the blank talks about the wide gap between productive labour force and the employment and entrepreneurial opportunities available. The success of the fourth Industrial Revolution has also been discussed. Hence the blank must be filled the sentence related to the economic condition. Going through all the sentences, we can infer that sentence (e) goes correctly with the paragraph that talks about the large-scale disruption causing economic turmoil. Hence sentence (e) is the correct choice.
Incorrect
In this paragraph, future economic growth has been discussed, that depends on the young generation. The sentences before the blank talks about the wide gap between productive labour force and the employment and entrepreneurial opportunities available. The success of the fourth Industrial Revolution has also been discussed. Hence the blank must be filled the sentence related to the economic condition. Going through all the sentences, we can infer that sentence (e) goes correctly with the paragraph that talks about the large-scale disruption causing economic turmoil. Hence sentence (e) is the correct choice.
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Question 28 of 40
28. Question
Category: EnglishEach of the following questions has a paragraph from which one sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.In the past few years, the slowdown in exports could be attributed at least in part to tepid global growth and falling trade intensity. However, this year, the global economy has seen a strong cyclical upturn across geographies and sectors, driven by stronger growth in investment, trade and industrial production. As per S&P Global estimates, global GDP is expected to reverse a two-year slowdown and grow 3.6% in 2017, higher than the 3.1% logged in 2016. __________________________________. In particular, the US and the euro area—India’s largest export destinations—are expected to grow by 70 basis points (bps) and 30 bps higher than in 2016, at 2.2% and 2.3%, respectively.Correct
Here the theme of the paragraph revolves around the global economy depending upon the investment, trade and industrial production. The sentences before the blank is about the statistics of GDP growth in 2017 from 2016 whereas the sentences after the blank talks about the expected growth of export from previous year. Hence the blank must be filled by the sentence related to this economic growth. After reading all the sentences, we find that sentence (b) goes in agreement with the passage talking about the pick up of GDP, as discussed in its above sentence, which is expected to be broad based across both advanced and emerging market. Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
Incorrect
Here the theme of the paragraph revolves around the global economy depending upon the investment, trade and industrial production. The sentences before the blank is about the statistics of GDP growth in 2017 from 2016 whereas the sentences after the blank talks about the expected growth of export from previous year. Hence the blank must be filled by the sentence related to this economic growth. After reading all the sentences, we find that sentence (b) goes in agreement with the passage talking about the pick up of GDP, as discussed in its above sentence, which is expected to be broad based across both advanced and emerging market. Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
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Question 29 of 40
29. Question
Category: EnglishEach of the following questions has a paragraph from which one sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.Land and housing rights have been a contentious topic in Kyrgyzstan since the country achieved independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Although under Kyrgyz law the state is supposed to provide a free plot of land to every citizen, as Eurasianet notes, “In reality, a land-allocation process thick with corruption and bureaucratic obstacles awaits anyone attempting to claim his share.” As a result, while elites and those with access to them have acquired more than their fair share of land for housing and construction projects, the majority of the population has been left to fend for themselves, vulnerable to elite power plays and manipulation. _____________________________________________________________.Correct
The paragraph talks about the unavailability of land to the Kyrgystan’s citizens that is supposed to provide free to every citizen under Kyrgyz law. Hence the blank must be filled by the sentence related to this theme. Going through all the sentences, we can conclude that sentence (b) goes in harmony with the paragraph talking about the attractive and expensive land because of plot scarcity in Bishkek. Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
Incorrect
The paragraph talks about the unavailability of land to the Kyrgystan’s citizens that is supposed to provide free to every citizen under Kyrgyz law. Hence the blank must be filled by the sentence related to this theme. Going through all the sentences, we can conclude that sentence (b) goes in harmony with the paragraph talking about the attractive and expensive land because of plot scarcity in Bishkek. Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
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Question 30 of 40
30. Question
Category: EnglishEach of the following questions has a paragraph from which one sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.On October 8, 2005, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake rocked Kashmir, resulting in nearly 75,000 deaths, injuring more than 100,000 people, and causing extensive damage. Although the epicenter was on the border between the Pakistani- and Indian-administered portions of Kashmir, the quake and its aftershocks were felt across the region from Central Asia to China. The tremors of Kashmir also created volatility in the region’s already precarious security structure. ________________________________________________________.Correct
The paragraph is about the earthquake occurred on October 8, 2005 that has affected Kashmir and its aftershocks been felt from across the region from Central Asia to China. The sentence before the blank talks about volatility created in Kashmir hence the blank must be filled by the sentence related to these arguments. Sentence (b) that talks about the reason behind the volatility in Kashmir is going appropriately with the paragraph. Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
Incorrect
The paragraph is about the earthquake occurred on October 8, 2005 that has affected Kashmir and its aftershocks been felt from across the region from Central Asia to China. The sentence before the blank talks about volatility created in Kashmir hence the blank must be filled by the sentence related to these arguments. Sentence (b) that talks about the reason behind the volatility in Kashmir is going appropriately with the paragraph. Hence option (b) is the correct choice.
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Question 31 of 40
31. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Solicitude means anxiety or concern.
Option (c) is the correct choice as both the words best fits the theme of the paragraph.Incorrect
Solicitude means anxiety or concern.
Option (c) is the correct choice as both the words best fits the theme of the paragraph. -
Question 32 of 40
32. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (D) is the correct choice.
Invasion means to enter for conquest or plunder.
Hassle means a heated often protracted argument.Incorrect
Option (D) is the correct choice.
Invasion means to enter for conquest or plunder.
Hassle means a heated often protracted argument. -
Question 33 of 40
33. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Both the words of option (a) are aptly justifying the sense of the paragraph. Further, it is mentioned about the publication of these criminal records in the passage.
Incorrect
Both the words of option (a) are aptly justifying the sense of the paragraph. Further, it is mentioned about the publication of these criminal records in the passage.
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Question 34 of 40
34. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (e) is the correct choice.
Incorrect
Option (e) is the correct choice.
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Question 35 of 40
35. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (e) is the correct choice.
Dismal means depressing.
Horrid means dreadful.Incorrect
Option (e) is the correct choice.
Dismal means depressing.
Horrid means dreadful. -
Question 36 of 40
36. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (a) is the right choice.
Conviction means a declaration that a person is guilty of an offense.
Convictions and judgements both the words satisfactorily fill the blank.Incorrect
Option (a) is the right choice.
Conviction means a declaration that a person is guilty of an offense.
Convictions and judgements both the words satisfactorily fill the blank. -
Question 37 of 40
37. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (B) is the correct choice.
Seized means to capture or to take into custody.Incorrect
Option (B) is the correct choice.
Seized means to capture or to take into custody. -
Question 38 of 40
38. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (d) is the correct choice.
Here, the word statistic is used in reference with a numerical fact or datum required to compute and calculate the performance of the police department.Incorrect
Option (d) is the correct choice.
Here, the word statistic is used in reference with a numerical fact or datum required to compute and calculate the performance of the police department. -
Question 39 of 40
39. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (d) is the correct choice.
Merely means just; only.Incorrect
Option (d) is the correct choice.
Merely means just; only. -
Question 40 of 40
40. Question
Category: EnglishIn the passage given below there are blanks which are to be filled with the options given below. Find out the appropriate pair of words in each case which can most suitably complete the sentence without altering the meaning of the statement. Both the pairs must fill the blank.Police reform in India has been ____________ (131) with political ___________ (132) ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal ________________ (133).
The annual ____________ (134) of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a ______(135) picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC __________(136) in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those _______–__(137) were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chjargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key__________(138) of police performance is not ___________(139) correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal ___________(140).Correct
Option (a) is the correct choice.
Here, the words behaviour and psychology are representing the general mindset of criminals.Incorrect
Option (a) is the correct choice.
Here, the words behaviour and psychology are representing the general mindset of criminals.
Leaderboard: Set 03 Mains Clerical English
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